The aim of this study is to determine the content and composition of essential oil in domestic and foreign commercial anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) genotypes. A total of 133 anise materials, 122 of which are domestic and 11 of which are from foreign origin, were used in the study. The essential oil content ranged from 1.74% to 7.69% as a result of chemical analysis on anise fruits. The ratio of trans-anethol, the main component of essential oil, ranged was between 84.61% to 97%. Other components were identified in essential oils were pseudo-2-eugenyl-2-methyl butyrate was between 0.71% to 12.43%, p-allylanisole was between 0.14% to 2.08% and methyl eugenol was between 0.14% to 0.50%. As a result of the study, it has been observed that a significant variation has occurred in domestic and foreign anise genotypes in terms of quality characteristics.

Experiments were conducted for three years (2016, 2017 and 2018) under ecological conditions of Konya-Karapinar region of Turkey in randomized blocks in split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Three irrigation treatments (S1: Full-irrigation with no water deficit, S2: 75% of S1 irrigation, S3: 50% of S1 irrigation) were placed into main plots and six switchgrass cultivars (Alamo, Kanlow, Shelter, Shawnee, Cave in rock ve Trailblazer) were placed into the sub-plots. According to result of were obtained in terms of cultivars average seed yield were varied between 5.7 kg da-1 (Alamo) -52.7 kg da-1 (Cave in rock), thousand-kernel weights between 0.82 g (Alamo) -1.66 g (Cave in rock) and harvest index between 0.21% (Alamo) – 3.57% (Cave in rock). In this study, it was determined that the varieties in lowland ecotype had low average seed yield, thousand-kernel weight and harvest index values, but the upland varieties had higher average seed yield and seed size and irrigation or water disability was effective factor on the parameters studied.

Bu çalisma Bati Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yetistirilen yerel yulaf çesitlerinin bazi tarimsal ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yürütülmüstür. Antalya, Isparta, Burdur ve Mugla illerinden 164 adet yerel yulaf çesidi toplanmis ve tanimlamalari yapilmistir. Yerel çesitlerden 74 adedinin Avena byzantina K. Koch, 90 adedinin Avena sativa L. türüne ait oldugu belirlenmistir. Yerel çesitler yedi ticari yulaf çesidi ile birlikte 2015-2016 yetistirme sezonunda Antalya kosullarinda Augmented deneme planinda tarlaya ekilmistir. Yerel çesitlerin salkim gösterme süresi (SGS), fizyolojik olum süresi (FOS), salkimda basakçik sayisi (SBS), salkimda tane sayisi (STS), salkimda tane agirligi (STA), yatma (Y), biyolojik verim (BV), tane verimi (TV), kavuzsuz tane orani (KTO), bin tane agirligi (BTA), tane protein orani (TPO) ve tane yag orani (YO) özellikleri incelenmistir. Populasyonlar arasi varyasyonlari belirlemek için ortalamalari, standart sapmalari ve degisim katsayilari hesaplanmistir. Bazi özellikler bakimindan yerel çesitler arasinda yüksek varyasyon oldugu tespit edilmistir. Yerel çesitler arasinda SGS, FOS, SBS, STS, STA, TV ve BTA bakimindan önemli farklar bulunurken; BV, KTO, TPO ve YO bakimindan farklar önemli bulunmamistir. Yerel çesitlerin TPO’lari %7,56 ile %21,25 arasinda, YO’lari ise %2,71 ile %8,57 arasinda degismistir. Yerel çesitlerin tane verimleri Faikbey ve Seydisehir çesitleri hariç standart çesitlerden daha düsük bulunmus, bunun yatmaya ve hastaliklara karsi hassas olmalarindan kaynaklanabilecegi sonucuna varilmistir.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a vegetable oil obtained from seeds produced in our country and in the world. It is an economically important oil plant in the world and in our country with its high oil rate (45-50%) and quality. Origin of sunflower is North America, there have wide variety of local varieties in Turkey. Different oilseed and confectionary sunflower local varieties are grown in different ecological regions of Turkey. Sunflower genetic resources which the material of this project are kept as long term in National Seed Gene Bank at Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) in Menemen, Izmir. In the project; morphological, phenological and technological observations and measurements were taken for 43 characters in total, over the characters specified in the UPOV and IBPGRI definition lists. The data obtained from Augmented Experimental Design were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis. Quantitative characters of days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height (cm), stem lower part diameter (mm), stem upper part diameter (mm), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), head diameter (cm), seed width (mm), seed length (mm), single plant yield (g/tabla), oil percentage (%) and 1000 seed weight (g) in terms of large variations in and oil samples have been identified. In terms of qualitative characters, high variation was seen in the grain shape, head shape, uniformity, plant growth and plant branching. In terms of qualitative characters, high variation was seen in the grain shape, head shape, uniformity, plant growth and plant branching. As a result; It is thought that the descriptions made according to these characters, which are evaluated in line with the breeders goals in oil sunflower breeding, will provide great convenience to the breeders in choosing the appropriate material for the future breeding studies. In addition, this study covered multiplication and regeneration work with reproduced confectionary sunflower genetic source material is maintained in the long term in the National Gene Bank.

The purpose of this study; analysing of durum wheat production and marketing structure of the farms that include durum wheat in the plant production pattern in Yozgat province. In Yozgat province, which has been one of the most important provinces in Turkey for many years for durum wheat production, producers have increased durum wheat cultivation areas in years. Variety that is recognized by producers and cultivated in the widest areas, have been found to be Kiziltan91. While it is observed that the producers prefer the wheat varieties with high yield, suitable for the climate and soil structure of the region and easy to market, the sales prices of durum wheat in the region are higher than the prices of bread wheat for many years. It is necessary to continue increasing the transportation activities of newly developed durum wheat varieties and production techniques to the producer. In addition, considering that decreasing in the wheat cultivation areas and production amount in the coming years, a separate agricultural subsidy model for durum wheat can be suggested by determining the durum wheat production areas especially in the Southeastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia Region.

In this study, it is aimed to determine the structural and current status of dairy cattle farms of Kiraz district of Izmir province. For this purpose, a survey was applied to 55 farmers in the center of Kiraz district by simple random sampling method. Interviews were made face-to-face with the farmers, and relevant information was obtained about them and their enterprises. The survey results show the mainly farmers demographic characteristics such as their gender, age, education, and experience in dairy cattle farming, the production characteristics of the farms such as the animal population, the yield characteristics of the cattle, artificial insemination preferences, farm characteristics, and land conditions, and the important expense items of the farms and dairy cattle rearing and their satisfaction levels. According to the results of the survey, it was determined that 89.1% of the breeders were male, 36.3% of the farmers were 35-45 year-old and 32.7% of the were 45-55 year-old. It was observed that the farmers who have been breeding dairy cattle in 20 years or more were 50.9%. It has been determined that the total number of cattle, which were completely held in half-open houses, is concentrated between 11-25 heads and 26-50 heads, and daily milk yield per cow is between 21-30 liters at 65.5%. The obtained data can be used for new farms to be established in the region, the development of existing farms, the creation of markets and the evaluation of milk, to increase profitability and the regional development of livestock farms.

Farmers determine the land use types with the effect of some factors. In this study, the decision-making processes of the farmers in Kumkale plain, which is an important production area in Çanakkale province, were analyzed by using fuzzy paired comparison (BEK) method. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 114 farmers producing in Kumkale plain. The most effective factor for the farmers to decide on the land use types was determined as the cost of the production (0.50). This is followed by the ease of marketing the products (0.48), the soil properties (0.36) and the production habits of the farmers (0.28). Accordingly, it is recommended to consider the cost, marketing opportunities and soil properties of the product in production planning.

This study was conducted to determine feed types and feeding habits in fattening farms in Mus province. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 368 farmers using random sampling method. While all of the farms dealt with forage production, only 48.5% had sufficient information about forage production. The roughage used in animal in feeding according to total frequency values were, hay (58.2%), prairie grass (56.5%), alfalfa (48.4%), sainfoin (7.2%) and vetch (5.2%), respectively. Ration formulations were either, as mostly used, ‘50% concentrate-50% roughage’, or ‘mostly concentrate’. Half of the famers considered that the rangeland area was not adequate, for 29.2% it was adequate and for 20.8% it was fairly enough. It was determined that only 7.8% of farms made silage, 82.8% used licking stone, and 60.9% used vitamins and minerals as feed additives. As a result, it was determined that feeding in the farms was based on intensively utilized concentrate and hay and prairie grass as roughage. Some works need to be done for the dissemination of information regarding to silage usage which is a source of cheap roughage and used in very few farms in the region, and to solve problems that prevent use of it.

Although canola (Brassica napus L.) plants are mainly self-pollinating, the cross pollination by insect increases yield. The study was carried out at Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Menemen/Izmir in 2016/2017 growing season. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with three replications. The treatments consisted of caged with honeybee, caged with bombus, caged without bees and open pollination. 96% of the collected insects from open pollination plots were honeybees. It was determined that flowering period significantly shortened (5.8 days) in plots with bee compared with caged without bee, while seed number per pod (4.6), thousand seed weight (0.25 g), seed yield (1398 kg ha-1), oil yield (776 kg ha-1) and oil rate (1.24%) increased. Also, the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate level resulted in an increase by pollinator visit. It was concluded that pollination by insect affected yield, yield components and composition of fatty acid in canola

Dry bean population with white circular seed types growing in the Ispir province of Erzurum is known by delicious taste and attracts considerable attention at nationwide. Forty bean lines obtained from Ispir bean population were taken for characterization, selection and pre-yield trials a year ago. Fifteen of the 40 lines were promising and constituted the material of this study. Promising lines were taken into experiments with two control varieties (Elkoca-05 and Aras-98) in terms of yield, yield components and resistance to diseases, in three randomized complete blocks in the growing season of 2015. The results showed that there were significant differences among the lines in terms of yield and yield components. The lines were subjected to cluster analysis in terms of 14 quantitative parameters and it was determined that the lines were clustered into two main groups. While the first group included 10 Ispir bean lines, 5 Ispir bean lines (Registration number: 6, 17, 32, 40 and 69) and standard varieties were clustered in the second group. The mean values of the groups revealed that the genotypes in the second group matured on average one week earlier, and that the genotypes in this group were superior in terms of grain yield and many yield components. As a result of the study, Ispir bean lines 6, 32, 40 and 69, which show superiority in terms of yield, yield components and resistance to diseases, were decided to transfer to the regional yield experiments.

Bu çalismada, ates yanikligi hastaligina dayanikli ve çesit olarak tescil edilebilme potansiyeli bulunan bazi F1 armut genotiplerinin, fenolojik ve fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri degerlendirilmistir. Fiziksel özelliklerden meyve eni 44,58-64,03 mm, meyve boyu 52,73-84,11 mm, sekil indeksi 1,04-1,50, meyve agirligi 57,27-166,10 g ve meyve eti sertliginin 1,76-5,47 kg cm-2 arasinda degistigi tespit edilmistir. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), pH, titre edilebilir asit miktari (TEA) ve C vitamini miktari sirasiyla %10,23-17,37, 3,87 - 4,69, 0,15 - 0,56 g 100 ml-1 ve 1,67-3,17 mg 100 mL-1 araliklarinda degisim göstermistir. Meyve iriligi bakimindan 2-13-1 nolu genotipi ön plana çikarken, fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerde ise 1-12-3 nolu genotipinden daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmistir. Önemli bir kriter olan üst kabuk renginde ise 2-15-75 nolu genotipi umut verici bulunmustur. Melez genotipler, tescil ettirilerek, ülke tarimina üretim materyali olarak katki saglayabilecegi gibi, genetik materyal olarak da deger tasimaktadir.

2018 ve 2019 yillarinda yürütülen bu çalismada, yazlik grupta yer alan ‘Vista Bella’ çesidine yine yazlik grupta yer alan ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ ve ‘Jersey Mac’ çesitlerinin tozlayici olarak kullanilabilme potansiyelleri tespit edilmistir. Sonuçlar dogrultusunda, ‘Vista Bella’ çesidinin kendilenmesi neticesinde, meyve tutumunun %10,68 düzeyinde kaldigi ve kismen kendine uyusmaz oldugu görülmüstür. Çesitlerin, çiçek tozu canliligi ve çimlenme oranlari sirasi ile %74,33 - %67,00 ve %44,33 - 45,67 araliklarinda bulunurken, tam çiçeklenme tarihlerinin örtüstügü görülmüstür. Ayrica, yüksek meyve tutum orani (%26,12 - 33,62) neticesinde, çesitler arasinda, gametofitik olarak uyusmazlik olmadigi kanaatine varilmistir. Ancak, elde edilen meyvelerde, çekirdek sayilarinin kritik düzeyde olmasi sebebi ile minimum iki farkli çesidin tozlayici olarak kullanilmasi gerektigi ortaya çikmis olup, ‘Summer Red’ ve ‘Jersey Mac’ çesitlerinin, ‘Vista Bella’ çesidine tozlayici olarak kullanilmasi durumunda, fitokimyasal özellikleri nispeten iyilestirdigi tespit edilmistir. Korelasyon analizleri sonucunda, meyve tutum miktarinda meydana gelen artisin fitokimyasal birikimi azalttigi, buna karsin asitligin artmasi ile birikimin tesvik edildigi bulunmustur. Ayrica antioksidan aktivitenin, toplam fenol (r= 0,57***) ve C vitamin (r= 0,31*) ile pozitif iliski içerisinde oldugu tespit edilmistir.

Prosperous plant biodiversity and genetic resources in Turkey have immense importance because of their economic, social and cultural values. Especially, endemic and rare plant species are located at the first place of these resources. Salvia L. genus is taxonomically represented approximately by 1000 species on the world whereas in Turkey it stands for 106 taxon 58 of which are endemic. Hatay province is a special province in terms of endemic and rare plant. There are 25 taxon of Salvia L. in its border. It is quite important to protect and hand down this richness to next generations. The aim of this study is to detect and represent the status of Salvia L., its habitat properties and updated situation in Hatay and to determine the negative effects of environment on Salvia L. Hence, surveys between 2010-2015 in Hatay province were performed in which 6 taxon, Salvia aramiensis Rech.f., Salvia cassia Samuelss. ex Rech.f., Salvia sericeotomentosa Rech. Fil. var. hatayica Celep & Dogan, Salvia sericeotomentosa Rech. Fil. var. sericeotomentosa, Salvia tigrina Hedge & Hub.-Mor., Salvia viscosa Jacq. were evaluated. According to the evaluation, 3 taxa are scored endemic and 3 of them are classified as rare species. These taxa are evaluated as nationally and regionally in danger species with reference to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Natures Red List of Threatened Species). Besides, 3 of them are in danger on a global scale. In conclusion, all plant species, particularly endemic and rare plant species, are under stress of biotic factors which are faced to be extinction. Conversion of natural habitat of Salvia L. into agricultural area, mining activities and animal grazing are detected as main reasons for extinction. Hence, proactive measures should be taken to control extinction of these taxa to hand them on to next generations.